Goat farming

Goat has been considered as dairy and meat animal for long. For milk it has been given the popular name of poor man’s cow. Goats are small animal easy to manage. Goat can be kept by poor farmers and landless labourers for milk and meat. Got provides a considerable source of income and occupation, specially the economically and socially

backward classes of the society in India.

Goat is probable the only animal which is breed for multiple objects, such as milk, meat, skin. Hide manure and hair. Got milk is cheap, wholesome, easily digestible and nutritious. It most recommended for infants, invalids and other suffering from tb, anemia, peptic ulcers and prolific stances etc. The goat manure is also valuable to its owner. Being the principle meat producing animal in India, got flesh is commonly preferred to other meat and fetches better price than mutton and beef in the market. Goat skins are used for shoes, book binding, jackets and other item. goats if property controlled through production and management may be regarded as very valuable animal which can be maintained at low cost with more returns.

The importance of got farming has increased now due to their economic returns. They need minimum input such as supplementary feeding, veterinary medicine and labour. The growing demand for meat and skin has also contributed to their farming commercially. Goats require low initial investment as compare to cattle and buffalo. Because of their smaller body size and docile nature, they pose leas management problems.

Got is only livestock species that lives on ecology where grazing material is virtually not available. Goat provides more meat and milk per unit live weight per year than cattle, sheep and camel. They are 130% more economical than cattle and 135% than sheep they provides employment to the rural. A specific focus on improved system of goat production and post harvest technology can further increase the current level of employment and alleviate protein hung.

Sheep goat and meat has high domestic demand and returns from sale of skin are reasonable due to the growth in leather industry. Semi intensive system of goat production with adequate inputs and superior management is necessary as compared to the traditional system. Increase goat meat production facilitates meeting increased domestic demand for mutton and thus spares the mutton for export.

Goat farming business is one of the traditional occupations of some Indian people. It is also the only economic activity of some people of rural areas. Like poultry farming goat farming business is also very profitable and can employ large number of unemployed educated people. Which will be help to eradicate unemployment problem from the country?

Goat milk:

Doctors recommend goat milk for its health benefit and therapeutic values. Compared to cow or buffalo milk, goat milk is deemed far closer to mother’s milk in its chemical structure and digestibility. It also has better composition of proteins and useful amino acids, lending it anti-inflammatory and immunity boosting traits to guards against inflections. Beside can be milk any time of the day. Thus acquiring the well deserved epithet of mobile milk vending machine or walking refrigerators.

Benefit of goat farming in India: 

There are some benefits of domestic or commercial goat farming. If you want to start goat farming business then you must read the benefit of raising goats.

·         Goat are multipurpose animal which can produce milk, meat,  fiber, skin together.

·         Production costs like infrastructure, feeding and treatment are less

·         You don’t have to think about marketing your farm products. Because there are already an established market in the country for marketing your products.

·         It is really very easy to maintain a goat farm compared to other farm animal.

·         Goat can adopt themselves with almost all type of agro-climatic condition and diseases are less in goats.

·          They are smaller in size but reach slaughter age faster.

·         Goat product like meat and milk has no religious taboo. And high accepted for consumption throughout the world.

Centrally sponsored scheme – Integrated development of small ruminants:

Project cost and capital subsidy:

component	TFO	Capital subsidy for general category	Capital subsidy for sc/st category, hilly & ner incl. sikkim
Rearing of sheep and goat(40F+2M)	1 lakh	25% of the outlay subject to a max. of  Rs.25000/-	33.33% of the outlay subject to a max. of Rs.33,300
Sheep and goat breeding units	25 lakh	25% of the outlay subject to a max. of Rs.6.25 lakh	33.33% of the outlay subject to a max. of Rs.8.33 lakh
Rabbit rearing units	2.25 lakh	25% of outlay subject to a max. of Rs.56000/-	33.33% of the out lay subject to max. of Rs.75000/-

Repayment period:

Repayment period of bank loan will depend up on the cash flow and will be up to maximum of 9 year including grace period 2 year.

 Rate of interest:

Rol on term loan shall be as per reserve bank of India guide line and declared policy of the financing bank.

 Refinance assistance from NABRAD:

NABRAD would provide refinance assistance to commercial bank, RRBs, state coop. banks sate coop. agri.  and Rural Dev. Bank and other such eligible institutions. Quantum and interest or refinance will be as decided by NABRAD from time to time.

Project cost at glance:-Goat breeding farm:

	Breed: Osmananabadi/sangamneri
Sr. No.	Project cost:   (500 Does + 25 buck)	Rs.
1	Land development incl. Fencing, tube well and pump set	133325
2	Goat sheds with paddock and bulding	470000
3	equipments	51000
4	Cost of breeding stock	1338125
5 6	Insurance of breeding stock@5% Veterinary aid	66250 41250
7	Fodder cultivation/ cost of  fodder	60000
8	Supplementary feed	240600
9	Labour wages	70150
10	Electricfication: 4% of civil work	18800
11	Miscellaneous expensess	10500
	Grand total	2500000
	Total financial outlay	2500000
A	Margin money: 25% of the total financial outlay	625000
B	Bank loan: 75% including back end subsidy@25% of TFO	1875000
C	BCR at 15% D.F.	1.23:1
D	IRR%	29.416
E	Repayment period in year	1+5

The above costs are varying from place to place and breed to breed depending upon the market situation from time to time.

  Housing of goat:

1. The hoses should be semi-closed type and orientation should be        east-west direction. Sloppy roof is best for the comfort of the goats.

·         Maximum length of shed= 100 ft. Width of the shed=15-20ft

·         Central height=3 mtrs, side height=2mtrs

·         Height of north and south side walls=1mtr

2.  There should be separate houses for keeping different category of goat such as dry, pregnant, lactating, sick bucks and kids.

3. Shed premises should have sufficient plantation which protect the animal from direct wind and scorching sun during summer. At least 2 trees in each paddock should be planted.

Shed area:

	Type of goat	Floor space(sq. Mtrs.	No. Of goat/shed
1	Dry got	1.0-1.2	60-80
2	Buck	1.5-2.0	Individual pen
3	Milch goat	1.4*1.2	50-60
4	kids	.5-.6	75-100
5	6-12 m	.8-1.0	60.-80

With 3-4 partition and 20-25 kids in each portion.

Feeding mangers:

Made of concreat/bricks partition with gl pipe at a distance of 30 cms. are cheap and last long.

 Watering:

For adult:-made of concreate/bricks.

Size: inner diam.:4.8*.9*.37m

For kids(3-6 m. Old):3.6*.75*.3m

Height of water tank from ground level should be 30cm and 15cm. respectively.

For kids(0-3m. Old): plastic tube of 8-10 litre capacity may be used

Select a suitable location/site for goat farming:

Almost all areas of India are very suitable for goat farming. You can select a land near your home or select a land which has all types of facilities for successful goat farming business. While selecting land for starting goat farming business, consider the followings.

·         Select suitable that has great source fresh and clean water.

·         Suitable for grass, crop and other green plants production. These used as goat feed reduce supplementary feeding cost.

·          The selected land will not be too far from the market or town.

·           Ensure there is a suitable market near your selected area purchasing necessary commodities and medicines.

·         Find out if there are any other goat farms located in your selected area.

·         A suitable market with high demand of got product is available near the selected farm area.

·         Try to select a land in village area. Land and labour easily be found within very cheap rate in village area.

·         Ensure availability of all type of veterinary service in the area. If not available, stock all type of necessary vaccines medicines in your farm.

·         Good transportation system so that you can easily sell your products and buy necessary commodities from nearest market or town.

Type of feed and fodder:

Goat is fastidious eater and like browsing. Common feeds and fodder of goat are as under:-

Roughages:

·         Tree/bushes/shrubs leaves, Neem, peepal, golar etc

·         Hays-cowpea, berseem, oats

·         Straws- Arhar, gram, wheat and paddy.

·         Grases- dub, anjana, sawain, zarga etc

·         Cultivated fodders and their hay/bhusa- lobia, bereseem, lucerne, oats, maize, bajra, para grass

Concentrate:

Cheap and easily available feed ingredients shall be used for computing concentrate feed for goats.